Supercritical (ultra-hot) geothermal resources refer to geothermal fluids that exist under conditions where their temperature and pressure exceed the critical point (374°C and 22.1 MPa). These resources form in regions with thin crust and frequent geothermal activity, such as volcanic zones and plate boundaries, migrating upward through geological fractures where the pressure decreases, leading to the formation of supercritical state. This process involves not only heat conduction but also complex thermodynamic phenomena such as convection and convective heat transfer. Therefore, factors such as geological structure conditions, heat source depth, and the permeability of rocks are crucial for the formation of super-critical geothermal resources. The higher energy density of supercritical geothermal resources compared to conventional geothermal resources significantly enhances the efficiency of power generation and possesses a high capacity for heat transfer, allowing for more efficient transmission of underground thermal energy. Consequently, they hold great potential for development.

Various countries and regions around the world are actively exploring the development potential of supercritical geothermal resources. With advancements in drilling technology and materials science, super-critical geothermal resources are poised to become a significant component of future clean energy sources.