As clean energy sources, Hot Dry Rock (HDR) and supercritical geothermal resources (SGR) play an important role in energy supply. However, its development process will inevitably have a certain impact on the environment. These impacts mainly include surface disturbance, ecological impact, groundwater pollution risk, seismic risk, greenhouse gas emissions and water resource consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study these environmental effects and formulate reasonable policies and regulations to regulate and promote the sustainable development of geothermal resources.